Twisting the ’lessons of history’ to authorise unjustifiable violence: the Mediterranean crisis | openDemocracy
►https://www.opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/twisting-%E2%80%9Clessons-of-history%E2%80%9D-to-excuse-unjustifiable
Where is the moral justification for some of the world’s richest nations employing their naval and technological might in a manner that leads to the death of men, women and children from some of the world’s poorest and most war torn regions?
Si j’ai bien compris, aujourd’hui l’UE discute de la possibilité de détruire les bateaux de #passeurs en Méditerranée pour prévenir les naufrages (sic). Je vais utiliser le tag #destruction_de_bateaux, à moins que quelqu’un n’ait une meilleure idée...
Mediterranean migrants are not slaves – do not pervert history to justify military action
EU leaders have accepted that using force will kill adults and children boarding boats in Libya. This is no high-minded crusade
J’y pense maintenant, en lisant cela, peut-être que #guerre_en_Méditerranée est aussi un bon tag (sic):
EXCLUSIVE: UK troops to smash migrants trade: Navy to stop flood of refugees from Libya
BRITAIN is poised to send 200 Royal Marines to the Mediterranean to lead a blockade aimed at “smashing” Libya’s people-trafficking gangs.
▻http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/577809/UK-troops-smash-migrants-trade-Royal-Marines-stop-flood-refugees-Libya
Die schwierige Rettungsmission im Mittelmeer
+++ Flüchtlinge werden nach Waffen durchsucht +++ Flüchtlingsboote werden nach Rettung versenkt +++ Gerettete schlafen an Deck +++
Foreign Affairs Council, 18/05/2015
In the morning, EU defence ministers will review EU military operations.
EU to back ’boat-destroyer’ mission in Mediterranean
EU foreign and defence ministers are expected to approve a mission to destroy the boats used by people-smugglers operating in war-torn Libya.
European boots on Libyan ground
That’s just one of the questions facing EU foreign and defense ministers as they consider migration crisis options.
Et voilà le bon tag : #Eunavfor
L’UE lance une #opération_navale contre les trafiquants en Méditerranée
Un mois après un naufrage dramatique, l’Union européenne a formellement mis sur pied lundi une opération navale en Méditerranée pour casser l’activité des trafiquants exploitant la détresse des migrants.
▻http://www.rts.ch/info/monde/6790583-l-ue-va-lancer-une-operation-navale-contre-les-trafiquants-en-mediterran
Council establishes EU naval operation to disrupt human smugglers in the Mediterranean
The Council has agreed today (18 May) to establish an EU military operation - EUNAVFOR Med- to break the business model of smugglers and traffickers of people in the Mediterranean. This decision, which is one element of the comprehensive EU response to the migration challenge, will enable the formal start of the operational planning for the naval operation.
▻http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/05/18-council-establishes-naval-operations-disrupt-human-smugglers-med
DÉCISION (PESC) 2015/778 DU CONSEIL du 18 mai 2015 relative à une opération militaire de l’Union européenne dans la partie sud de la Méditerranée centrale (EUNAVFOR MED)
▻http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:JOL_2015_122_R_0004&from=FR
The EU’s Planned War on Smugglers
▻http://www.statewatch.org/analyses/no-268-eu-war-on-smugglers.pdf
EU agrees Mediterranean naval mission to tackle people smugglers
European Union foreign ministers agreed today to set up a naval mission in the Mediterranean to target gangs smuggling people from lawless Libya to Europe.
▻http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150518/local/eu-agrees-mediterranean-naval-mission-to-tackle-people-smugglers.56873
Italian coastguards: military action will not solve Mediterranean migrant crisis
Guardia Costiera officers call for increased focus on saving migrants’ lives and more large-scale naval ships to be put under Italian command
▻http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/19/italian-coastguards-military-action-will-not-solve-mediterranean-migran
Twisting the ’lessons of history’ to authorise unjustifiable violence: the Mediterranean crisis
More than 300 slavery and migration scholars respond to those advocating for military force against migrants attempting to cross the Mediterranean. This is no slave trade. Where is the moral justification for actions that cost lives?
►https://www.opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/twisting-%E2%80%9Clessons-of-history%E2%80%9D-to-excuse-unjustifiable
Questions et réponses sur l’agenda européen en matière de migration
Quel est l’objectif de l’agenda européen en matière de migration ?
Agenda europea sulla migrazione - L’analisi di Asilo in Europa
Il 13 maggio la Commissione europea ha presentato una comunicazione intitolata «Un’agenda europea sulla migrazione». Si tratta essenzialmente di un piano di lavoro che anticipa future azioni e proposte legislative della Commissione in questo campo. La comunicazione era molto attesa ed è stata in questi giorni ampiamente commentata su tutti i mezzi di comunicazione e dai principali esponenti politici e istituzionali. Subito dopo l’uscita, si sono registrati anche numerosi apprezzamenti da parte di organizzazioni internazionali e terzo settore. Nelle righe che seguono cerchiamo di mettere in ordine le indicazioni dell’Agenda che più ci toccano da vicino e vi proponiamo il nostro punto di vista.
Non prima, però, di una ovvia quanto doverosa precisazione: l’Agenda contiene, come detto, un piano di lavoro sulla base del quale la Commissione presenterà, nelle prossime settimane o nei prossimi mesi, delle vere e proprie proposte legislative le quali dovranno essere approvate come minimo dalla maggioranza qualificata del Consiglio UE (quindi dagli Stati membri) e talvolta anche dal Parlamento europeo (questo dipende dall’oggetto della proposta). È naturale, pertanto, che la Commissione, prima di pubblicare questa Agenda, così attesa, abbia dovuto tener conto del clima e delle sensibilità politiche presenti nei vari Paesi per garantire che il suo piano di lavoro non sia integralmente cestinato.
Detto ciò, il nostro parere è che questa Agenda, pur contenendo aspetti apprezzabili, non possa rappresentare in alcun modo una svolta positiva e, anzi, presenti diversi aspetti preoccupanti. Vediamo meglio perché.
▻http://asiloineuropa.blogspot.it/2015/05/agenda-europea-sulla-migrazione.html
La lettera di trecento esperti contro l’operazione navale dell’Unione europea
Più di trecento esperti di migrazione hanno firmato una lettera aperta in cui criticano l’operazione navale decisa dall’Unione europea contro le reti di trafficanti di esseri umani nel Mediterraneo. Secondo gli esperti, che lavorano in università come Oxford, Harvard, London school of economics, Yale e Princeton, il piano europeo è “egocentrico”, basato su “una pericolosa distorsione della storia” e sulla stessa logica che ha promosso il business dello schiavismo nel settecento.
▻http://www.internazionale.it/notizie/2015/05/21/lettera-operazione-navale-unione-europea
HRW: EU naval operation needs to be bound by human rights law
As the EU draws up plans for military operations on Libyan shores targeting vessels used by human traffickers, Human Rights Watch (HRW) has called for naval operations to be compatible with human rights law
▻http://www.dailysabah.com/asia/2015/05/21/hrw-eu-naval-operation-needs-to-be-bound-by-human-rights-law
Twisting the ’lessons of history’ to authorise unjustifiable violence: the Mediterranean crisis
More than 300 slavery and migration scholars respond to those advocating for military force against migrants attempting to cross the Mediterranean. This is no slave trade. Where is the moral justification for actions that cost lives?
►https://www.opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/twisting-%E2%80%9Clessons-of-history%E2%80%9D-to-excuse-unjustifiable
Before the Boat: Understanding the Migrant Journey
In response to the recent surge in migrants crossing the Mediterranean—and the deaths and injuries that often result from failed journeys—European policymakers have struggled to find effective policy responses to stem the flow of boats. Deep, sophisticated insight into the decision-making process of those who undertake these journeys is necessary; without this information and a wider understanding of the political economy of migrant smuggling, policymakers essentially are making decisions in the dark.
This MPI Europe report argues that to develop effective policy in this area, policymakers must recognize the driving forces behind migrants’ decisions and movements through a comprehensive understanding of smuggling networks and the migrants who utilize them. At the moment, the knowledge base suffers from a number of limitations, including a “destination bias” that views developments from a destination-country perspective. There is a lack of understanding of the way migrants make decisions, as their personal risk assessment models are often much more nuanced and far-sighted than the current evidence acknowledges. Policymakers should also consider the structure and economy of smuggling networks, which could help locate weak spots and pressure points.
The report, drawing from the authors’ interviews with migrants, highlights gaps in evidence on migrants’ decision-making processes, perceptions of risk, and access to information. It also examines smuggling networks, which have been thus far overlooked in research efforts.
▻http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/boat-understanding-migrant-journey
#smuggling #smugglers #passeurs
Migration: Search and Destroy does not save lives
Editorial by MSF Belgium President Meinie Nicolai, who recently returned from a mission as Nurse Supervisor on the Bourbon Argos, one of two Search and Rescue ships MSF is operating in the Mediterranean.
▻http://www.msf.org/article/migration-search-and-destroy-does-not-save-lives
Migrants en Méditerranée : la Tunisie contre toute #intervention_militaire
Alors que l’Europe veut mettre sur pied une mission militaire et navale destinée à lutter contre le trafic de migrants qui traversent la Méditerranée, le Premier ministre tunisien Habib Essid déclare qu’il est « contre toute intervention militaire pour régler ce problème ».
►http://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_migrants-en-mediterranee-la-tunisie-contre-toute-intervention-militaire?
Les pays en développement opposés à la destruction de bateaux de passeurs en Méditerranée
Le secrétaire général du groupe des États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP) a déclaré être opposé à l’idée de l’UE de détruire les bateaux des trafiquants d’êtres humains en Méditerranée.
▻http://www.euractiv.fr/sections/aide-au-developpement/les-pays-en-developpement-opposes-la-destruction-de-bateaux-de
L’Union européenne va lancer une #opération_navale contre le trafic de migrants
La mission est censée s’attaquer aux bateaux utilisés par les trafiquants qui envoient des migrants en haute mer au péril de leur vie.
▻http://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/europe/migrants/l-union-europeenne-va-lancer-une-operation-navale-contre-le-trafic-de-m
L’UE s’apprête à mettre une balle au canon
Les Etats membres de l’Union européenne (UE) veulent prendre le taureau par les cornes concernant le problème du trafic de migrants en Méditerranée. Pour preuve, ils étaient hier en pleins préparatifs pour lancer une opération navale.
▻http://www.elwatan.com/international/l-ue-s-apprete-a-mettre-une-balle-au-canon-17-06-2015-297542_112.php
Selon l’ONG Security Council Report (ci-dessous), l’UE a cherché vainement à obtenir l’accord des autorités libyennes, et un Etat membre du Conseil de sécurité a exprimé son opposition à l’opération en l’absence de cet accord.
Les comptes-rendus de la visite de Poutine à Rome, la semaine dernière, laissent penser que la Russie est cet Etat.
D’où sans doute l’absence de nouvelles discussions et de vote au Conseil de sécurité, l’UE ne voulant pas mener cette affaire alors que son plan aurait échoué à être approuvé à New York.
D’où aussi sa limitation à la phase 1 : surveillance et interception en mer sans débarquements en territoire libyen ou pénétration dans ses eaux territoriales.
Tout sauf un grand succès diplomatique pour l’UE qui avait espéré mettre le Conseil de sécurité dans sa poche et obliger la Libye à se coucher
Security Council Report (ONG)
June 2015 Monthly Forecast
Bulletin de prévision des activités du Conseil
The negotiations on the EU draft aimed at tackling the smuggling of migrants on the Mediterranean were still ongoing at press time between some Council members and the Libyan authorities. (For at least one permanent member the consent of the Tobruk/al-Bayda-based government seems to be indispensable for the adoption of the resolution.) In the past, it has been difficult to get agreement on resolutions authorising the interception of vessels, whether in the context of the implementation of sanctions or counter-piracy measures. Some Council members feel strongly about not contravening the principle of freedom of navigation codified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. As such, they have tended to focus their discussions in the past on such issues as the procedures to authorise interdiction, whether the consent of the flag state is required and the maritime zones where the interdiction is authorised to happen. In the informal interactive dialogue with Mogherini, some Council members inquired about the potential impact that requesting consent from Libya could have on the political process.
▻http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/2015_06_forecast.pdf
TRADUCTION NON OFFICIELLE
Les négociations sur le projet de l’UE visant à lutter contre le trafic de migrants en Méditerranée étaient toujours en cours au moment où nous mettions sous presse entre certains membres du Conseil et les autorités libyennes. (Pour au moins un membre permanent, le consentement du gouvernement basé à al-Bayda Tobrouk / semble être indispensable pour l’adoption de la résolution.) Dans le passé, il a été difficile d’obtenir un accord sur les résolutions autorisant l’interception de navires, que ce soit dans le contexte de la mise en œuvre de sanctions ou de mesures de lutte contre la piraterie. Certains membres du Conseil sont convaincus de ne pas violer le principe de la liberté de navigation codifié dans la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Comme tels, ils ont eu tendance à concentrer leurs discussions dans le passé sur des questions telles que les procédures d’autorisation de l’interdiction, le consentement de l’État du pavillon ou les zones maritimes où l’interdiction est autorisée. Dans le dialogue interactif informel avec Mogherini, certains membres du Conseil se sont enquis de l’impact potentiel que pourrait avoir sur le processus politique le fait de demander son consentement à la Libye.
Migranti, missione #EuNavFor_Med: l’Italia ha dato l’ok, ma restano i dubbi
Per il ricercatore dell’Ispi Stefano Torelli, la prima fase segna «un risultato positivo» ma le altre due sono ancora avvolte nel mistero. Difficile che ci sia un appoggio internazionale ad una vera missione militare. Il problema degli “effetti collaterali”
▻http://www.redattoresociale.it/Notiziario/Articolo/488801/Migranti-missione-EuNavFor-Med-l-Italia-ha-dato-l-ok-ma-restano-i-d
Soccorsi umanitari, trasbordi in mare e sbarchi militarizzati. Ricompare la missione Eunavfor Med. Ed a terra il sistema di accoglienza rischia il default.
Dopo tre giorni di soccorsi operati in condizioni di estrema difficoltà ai limiti delle acque territoriali libiche, mentre sono ancora in navigazione le navi umanitarie che si sono maggiormente esposte per non abbandonare al loro destino i gommoni carichi di migranti nel mare in burrasca, si apprende dai mezzi di informazione delle destinazioni di sbarco di coloro che sono stati salvati.
▻http://www.a-dif.org/2017/04/17/soccorsi-umanitari-trasbordi-in-mare-e-sbarchi-militarizzati-ricompare-la-mis